You have been dispatched to the side of a highway where a woman is reported to be delivering a baby. As you approach the vehicle, you see her lying down in the back seat. Concerning the delivery of the placenta, which of the following are emergency situations?
a. more than 30 minutes have elapsed and the placenta has not delivered
b. there is more than 500mL of bleeding before delivery of the placenta
c. there is significant bleeding after delivery of the placenta
d. all of the above
Answer: D