Archive for April 2017

Your 52 year old male patient has been taking double to triple his pain relief medication, but that is not even touching the pain for him. If he was to overdose on the narcotic he takes, he may have signs and symptoms such as:

Your 52 year old male patient has been taking double to triple his pain relief medication, but that is not even touching the pain for him. If he was to overdose on the narcotic he takes, he may have signs and symptoms such as:



A. excitement, increased pulse and breathing rates, dilated pupils, and rapid speech
B. sluggish, sleepiness, and lack of coordination of body and speech
C. fast pulse rate, dilated pupils, flushed face, and "seeing" or "hearing" things
D. reduced pulse rate and rate and depth of breathing, constricted pupils, and sweating






Answer: D

A 32 year old female patient who has overdosed on a hallucinogen may have signs and symptoms such as:

A 32 year old female patient who has overdosed on a hallucinogen may have signs and symptoms such as:





A. excitement, increased pulse and breathing rates, dilated pupils, and rapid speech
B. sluggish, sleepiness, and lack of coordination of body and speech
C. fast pulse rate, dilated pupils, flushed face, and "seeing" or "hearing" things
D. reduced pulse rate and rate and depth of breathing, constricted pupils, and sweating





Answer: C

Your 22 year old male patient has overdosed on a downer, according to his significant other. You can expect to see/observe signs and symptoms such as:

Your 22 year old male patient has overdosed on a downer, according to his significant other. You can expect to see/observe signs and symptoms such as:




A. excitement, increased pulse and breathing rates, dilated pupils, and rapid speech
B. sluggish, sleepiness, and lack of coordination of body and speech
C. fast pulse rate, dilated pupils, flushed face, and "seeing" or "hearing" things
D. reduced pulse rate and rate and depth of breathing, constricted pupils, and sweating





Answer: B

A 21 year old female who has overdosed on an "upper", may have signs and symptoms such as:

A 21 year old female who has overdosed on an "upper", may have signs and symptoms such as:



A. excitement, increased pulse and breathing rates, dilated pupils, and rapid speech
B. sluggish, sleepiness, and lack of coordination of body and speech
C. fast pulse rate, dilated pupils, flushed face, and "seeing" or "hearing" things
D. reduced pulse rate and rate and depth of breathing, constricted pupils, and sweating






Answer: A

Your 25 year old male patient has taken a mind-altering drug designed to act on the nervous system and produce intense excitement or distortion of the patient's perceptions. This drug was most likely a(n):

Your 25 year old male patient has taken a mind-altering drug designed to act on the nervous system and produce intense excitement or distortion of the patient's perceptions. This drug was most likely a(n):




A. upper
B. downer
C. narcotic
D. hallucinogen





Answer: D

When interviewing an intoxicated 32 year old male patient, do not begin by asking if he has taken any drugs. The reason for this statement is that:

When interviewing an intoxicated 32 year old male patient, do not begin by asking if he has taken any drugs. The reason for this statement is that:




A. the presence of drugs will negate the presence of the alcohol
B. the patient may feel you are accusing him of a crime
C. alcoholics generally do not take drugs
D. the patient will probably not tell the truth





Answer: B

You have responded to a call where a patient seems to have mixed a couple of cleaning agents and is now unconscious. there is a strong smell of rotten eggs in the air. What would you suspect?

You have responded to a call where a patient seems to have mixed a couple of cleaning agents and is now unconscious. there is a strong smell of rotten eggs in the air. What would you suspect?




A. the mixture produced large quantities of chlorine
B. the mixture may have produced hydrogen sulfide, which can be deadly
C. the mixture contains cyanide because that chemical causes unconsciousness
D. one of the chemicals was eggs, and they are often deadly when mixed with salts




Answer: B

You are treating a patient who has fertilizer all over his arms and legs. After ensuring your own safety with PPE, you should:

You are treating a patient who has fertilizer all over his arms and legs. After ensuring your own safety with PPE, you should:




A. brush off as much powder as possible, then irrigate
B. immediately start irrigation with very cold water
C. leave the powder in place and transport immediately
D. irrigate with water for 20 minutes






Answer: A

Your patient is one of the five members of a family who may have been exposed to a leaky heating system and carbon monoxide. How does carbon monoxide affect the body?

Your patient is one of the five members of a family who may have been exposed to a leaky heating system and carbon monoxide. How does carbon monoxide affect the body?




A. It causes severe respiratory burns
B. it prevents the normal carrying of oxygen by the red blood cells
C. it causes the tissues in the airway to sell, making breathing difficult
D. it stimulates the central nervous system to decrease oxygen consumption






Answer: B

Besides motor vehicle exhaust, where else might you find carbon monoxide?

Besides motor vehicle exhaust, where else might you find carbon monoxide?




A. in the patient compartment of your ambulance, there ma be CO
B. wherever you can smell its odor, there is a large quantity of CO
C. around an improperly vented wood-burning stove, there is CO gas
D. around the foundation of a house, there is often CO gas






Answer: C

As you approach a 35 year old male patient who has passed out while cleaning a large tank, you smell an unusual odor. What should you do?

As you approach a 35 year old male patient who has passed out while cleaning a large tank, you smell an unusual odor. What should you do?




A. stand back and attempt to learn more about the chemical involved.
B. rapidly remove the patient from the area using a drag maneuver
C. ignore the smell; it is probably a normal odor around industrial sites
D. ask his coworkers to bring the patient to your ambulance






Answer: A

Your patient is a 22 year old male who has been stealing fuel form his neighbor's cars at night. Tonight he may have sucked in too much gasoline, and his friend has called 911 because he continues to cough violently after ingestion. The appropriate treatment for this patient should:

Your patient is a 22 year old male who has been stealing fuel form his neighbor's cars at night. Tonight he may have sucked in too much gasoline, and his friend has called 911 because he continues to cough violently after ingestion. The appropriate treatment for this patient should:




A. not include activated charcoal
B. not include oxygen administration
C. include immediate transportation
D. be to treat him like a patient with an airway obstruction





Answer: A

The decision on when to use activated charcoal is best made:

The decision on when to use activated charcoal is best made:



A. en route to the hospital
B. upon arrival at the emergency department
C. with medical direction or poison control center consultation
D. in consultation with the patient's family physician






Answer: C

Why isn't the oral medication called syrup of ipecac routinely used for toxic ingestions when the patient is found still alert?

Why isn't the oral medication called syrup of ipecac routinely used for toxic ingestions when the patient is found still alert?




A. vomiting can occur after the mental status diminishes, increasing the chance of aspirations
B. it removes only about one-third of the stomach contents
C. it is slow to react compared with other substances or dilution
D. all of these are correct reasons







Answer: D

The most common results of poison ingestion are:

The most common results of poison ingestion are:





A. altered mental status and diarrhea
B. nausea and vomiting
C. abdominal pain and diarrhea
D. chemical burns around the mouth and stomach pain






Answer: B

You are treating a 32 year old female who was found unconscious by her roommate when she got home late at night. Why is it important to determine when the ingestion of a poison occurred?

You are treating a 32 year old female who was found unconscious by her roommate when she got home late at night. Why is it important to determine when the ingestion of a poison occurred?





A. different poisons act on the boy at different rates
B. those who ingest poison in the evening tend to vomit more
C. dilution of the poison is not effective after 10 minutes
D. the antidote works more effectively once the poison is in the intestines





Answer: A

Which one of the following is not a way that poisons damage the body?

Which one of the following is not a way that poisons damage the body?




A. destroying skin and other tissues
B. enhancing normal biochemical processes
C. over stimulating the central nervous system
D. displacing oxygen on the hemoglobin





Answer: B

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of a poison?

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of a poison?



A. any substance that can harm the body, sometimes seriously enough to create a medical emergency
B. any foreign substance swallowed by the patient
C. any substance that could kill the patient if it is injected into the body
D. any substance labeled with a hazardous material placard or label






Answer: A

You are on the scene of a 28 year old female who you suspect may have been poisoned. Which of the following is an environmental clue at the scene that can be used to help you deterring that your patient may have been poisoned?

You are on the scene of a 28 year old female who you suspect may have been poisoned. Which of the following is an environmental clue at the scene that can be used to help you deterring that your patient may have been poisoned?




A. the patient appears to have been vomiting
B. there is an empty pill bottle on the night stand
C. the patient has an altered mental status
D. the patient states that she has a headache





Answer: B

Your patient is a 67 year old female who has very painful arthritis. She says that she has good days and bad days, but today she had to take double the usual does of ibuprofen and naproxen. It seems that she is on many other medications, too. She tells you that she does not always have enough money to fill her prescriptions on time. What problems can this lead to?

Your patient is a 67 year old female who has very painful arthritis. She says that she has good days and bad days, but today she had to take double the usual does of ibuprofen and naproxen. It seems that she is on many other medications, too. She tells you that she does not always have enough money to fill her prescriptions on time. What problems can this lead to?







a. Insufficient anticonvulsant medication can lead to seizures occurring
b. Less medication than usual can be difficult for the elderly patient to excrete
c. The medication can be too strong for the patient to take if it is taken in an under dose
d. The patient is likely to have excessive pain and miss sleep





Answer: A

Your patient is a 67 year old female who has very painful arthritis. She says that she has good days and bad days, but today she had to take double the usual does of ibuprofen and naproxen. She stat that, in addition to the pain, her stomach is hurting, she is very lightheaded and she vomited a coffee-brown substance just before calling the ambulance. What could be the problem with this woman?

Your patient is a 67 year old female who has very painful arthritis. She says that she has good days and bad days, but today she had to take double the usual does of ibuprofen and naproxen. She stat that, in addition to the pain, her stomach is hurting, she is very lightheaded and she vomited a coffee-brown substance just before calling the ambulance. What could be the problem with this woman?





a. She is allergic to NSAIDs
b. She may have aggravated her ulcer
c. She is having an acute myocardial infarction
d. The combined effect of the two medicines lowered her blood pressure



Answer: B

You were called to the senior citizen center to treat a 69 year old woman who was found on the floor in the hallway. She was coming from the bathroom when she must have slipped on the waxed floor. You suspect she may have fractured her left hip. These injuries are especially common in elderly women because of:

You were called to the senior citizen center to treat a 69 year old woman who was found on the floor in the hallway. She was coming from the bathroom when she must have slipped on the waxed floor. You suspect she may have fractured her left hip. These injuries are especially common in elderly women because of:





a. Women's short legs
b. Motor vehicle collisions
c. Abnormal curvature of the hip
d. Loss of calcium




Answer: D

Many older people have a ____ pain.

Many older people have a ____ pain.




a. High threshold for
b. Low threshold for
c. Decreased sensitivity to
d. All of these






Answer: D

After interviewing an elderly patient, the family members who were listening in tell you that some of the patient's responses were incorrect. This is sometimes the result of neurological problems as well as:

After interviewing an elderly patient, the family members who were listening in tell you that some of the patient's responses were incorrect. This is sometimes the result of neurological problems as well as:



a. Paranoia
b. Depression
c. Medications
d. All of these






Answer: C

The signs of an abdominal injury include all of the following except:

The signs of an abdominal injury include all of the following except:



a. Lacerations and puncture wounds to the lower back
b. Large bruises on the abdomen
c. Indications of developing shock
d. Contusions over the upper ribs






Answer: D

When taping an occlusive dressing in place:

When taping an occlusive dressing in place:



a. Have the patient inhale as you tape
b. Have the patient exhale as you tape
c. Tape the dressing in place quickly because this is a life-threatening situation
d. Have the patient hold his or her breath




Answer: C

Which of the following is not a sign of traumatic asphyxia?

Which of the following is not a sign of traumatic asphyxia?



a. Distended neck veins
b. Coughed-up, frothy blood
c. Head, neck and shoulders that appear dark blue
d. Bloodshot and bulging eyes




Answer: B

When a 25 year old male patient sustains an injury to his chest wall in which he has two or more consecutive ribs that are fractured in two or more places. When this patient breathes, he may exhibit:

When a 25 year old male patient sustains an injury to his chest wall in which he has two or more consecutive ribs that are fractured in two or more places. When this patient breathes, he may exhibit:



a. Hyperventilation
b. Paradoxical motion
c. Apnea
d. An injury to his kidneys





Answer: B

A 25 year old male patient sustains an injury to his chest wall in which he has two or more consecutive ribs that are fractured in two or more places. This patient most likely has a(n):

A 25 year old male patient sustains an injury to his chest wall in which he has two or more consecutive ribs that are fractured in two or more places. This patient most likely has a(n):




a. Sternal contusion
b. Tension pneumothorax
c. Flail chest
d. Abdominal evisceration





Answer: C

The chest can be injured due to:

The chest can be injured due to:



a. Compression
b. Penetrating trauma
c. Blunt trauma
d. All of these






Answer: D

Your 55 year old female patient was crushed by a vehicle. You suspect that she may have a pelvic injury. When stabilizing her, you should do all of the following except:

Your 55 year old female patient was crushed by a vehicle. You suspect that she may have a pelvic injury. When stabilizing her, you should do all of the following except:




a. assume there is a spinal injury
b. determine distal function
c. apply PASG if the patient is hypotensive
d. raise the lower legs






Answer: D

You are treating a 68 year old male who was found on the floor in the hallway at the country nursing home. You suspect that he may have had a syncopal episode and also sustained a fractured hip. This decision is based on the injured limb appearing:

You are treating a 68 year old male who was found on the floor in the hallway at the country nursing home. You suspect that he may have had a syncopal episode and also sustained a fractured hip. This decision is based on the injured limb appearing:




a. slightly swollen
b. shorter than the other extremity
c. longer than the other extremity
d. mottled and cold






Answer: B

The 52 year old male patient you are treating has multiple leg fractures and exhibits the signs of shock. You should:

The 52 year old male patient you are treating has multiple leg fractures and exhibits the signs of shock. You should:




a. apply two traction splints and pull tension to 30 pounds
b. align in a normal position and transport on a backboard
c. apply PASG at a splint and treat for shock
d. apply a vacuum splint to each leg and transport quickly





Answer: C

The amount of traction that the EMT should pull when applying a Sager traction splint is:

The amount of traction that the EMT should pull when applying a Sager traction splint is:



a. enough until the patient verbalizes relief
b. about 10 percent of the patient's body weight up to 15 pounds
c. minimal because it doesn't require traction
d. about 15 percent of the patient's body weight up to 30 pounds






Answer: B

You are treating a 35 year old female who was the front-sear, unrestrained passenger in a rear-end collision. Her right tibia struck the lower dashboard of the car. If the lower leg is cyanotic or lacks a pulse when a knee joint injury is assessed, the EMT should:

You are treating a 35 year old female who was the front-sear, unrestrained passenger in a rear-end collision. Her right tibia struck the lower dashboard of the car. If the lower leg is cyanotic or lacks a pulse when a knee joint injury is assessed, the EMT should:




a. splint it in the position in which it was found
b. transport the patient to the hospital immediately
c. realign with gentle traction is no resistance is met
d. call for assistance from a paramedic unit





Answer: C

Hazards of improper splinting include:

Hazards of improper splinting include:



a. aggravation of a bone or joint injury
b. reduced distal circulation
c. delay in transport of the patient with a life-threatening injury
d. all of these






Answer: D

If you decide that the 35 year old male patient you are treating for musculoskeletal injuries is unstable, you should do all of the following except:

If you decide that the 35 year old male patient you are treating for musculoskeletal injuries is unstable, you should do all of the following except:




a. care for life-threatening problems first
b. align the injuries in an anatomical positions
c. immobilize the entire body to a long spine board
d. apply two traction splints prior to securing the patient on a long spine board





Answer: D

The method of splinting should be dictated by the:

The method of splinting should be dictated by the:



a. time when the injury occurred
b. severity of the patient's condition and the priority decision
c. distance to the destination hospital
d. presence or absence of pain





Answer: B

Your 50 year old female patient has sustained a fracture to her right tibia. To ensure proper stabilization and increase comfort when applying a rigid splint:

Your 50 year old female patient has sustained a fracture to her right tibia. To ensure proper stabilization and increase comfort when applying a rigid splint:





a. place the patient on a stretcher before splinting
b. place the patient on a long spine board before splinting
c. pad the spaces between the body part and the splint
d. ensure that the splint conforms to the body curves




Answer: C

When splinting your patient who has a serious fracture to which you will be applying a traction splint, the EMT should:

When splinting your patient who has a serious fracture to which you will be applying a traction splint, the EMT should:



a. first move the patient to a stretcher
b. leave any open leg wounds exposed so bleeding can be monitored
c. replace protruding bones as soon as priorities are arranged
d. secure the injury site and the joints above and below





Answer: D

Which of the following is not true about rigid splints?

Which of the following is not true about rigid splints?




a. they require that the limb be moved into anatomical position
b. they tend to provide the greatest support
c. they are ideally used to splint long bones
d. they can immobilize joint injuries in the position found






Answer: D

What are the three basic types of splints?

What are the three basic types of splints?




a. Rigid, formable, and traction
b. PASG, board and ladder
c. Padded, soft and anatomical
d. Air, cardboard, and vacuum





Answer: A

You are treating a 62 year old female patient who fell down the basement stairs. She did not strike her head, but she is in a lot of pain form lower extremity fractures. There is a severe deformity of the right distal extremity and it is cyanotic or pulseless. You should:

You are treating a 62 year old female patient who fell down the basement stairs. She did not strike her head, but she is in a lot of pain form lower extremity fractures. There is a severe deformity of the right distal extremity and it is cyanotic or pulseless. You should:






a. align with gentle traction before splinting
b. apply a pillow splint to the extremity
c. delay splinting until you are en route to the hospital
d. contact medical direction immediately




Answer: A

Your 45 year old female patient has a grossly deformed ulnar and radius fracture that will need to be properly splinted. The objective of realignment is to:

Your 45 year old female patient has a grossly deformed ulnar and radius fracture that will need to be properly splinted. The objective of realignment is to:




a. minimize blood loss and reduce pain
b. immobilize the bone ends and adjacent joints
c. assist in restoring circulation and to fit the extremity into a splint
d. prevent incorrect healing and avoid surgery





Answer: C

Fracture management is not generally the highest priority compared to other problems identifies during the primary survey of the patient. Fractures can introduce complications, however, which may include all of the following except:

Fracture management is not generally the highest priority compared to other problems identifies during the primary survey of the patient. Fractures can introduce complications, however, which may include all of the following except:




a. excessive bleeding
b. increased pain from movement
c. paralysis of the extremity
d. increased distal sensation




Answer: D

You have a 22 year old female who ell on an outstretched arm. A splint properly applied to a closed bone injury, such as a colles fracture, should help prevent all of the following except:

You have a 22 year old female who ell on an outstretched arm. A splint properly applied to a closed bone injury, such as a colles fracture, should help prevent all of the following except:




a. damage to muscles, nerves, or blood vessels
b. an open bone injury
c. motion of bone fragments
d. circulation to the extremity




Answer: D

You are treating a 22 year old female who fell off the roof of her house. Your primary assessment of this patient with multiple musculoskeletal injuries reveals that the patient is unstable; care should include all of the following except:

You are treating a 22 year old female who fell off the roof of her house. Your primary assessment of this patient with multiple musculoskeletal injuries reveals that the patient is unstable; care should include all of the following except:





a. manage the ABC's
b. immobilize the patient on a long spine board
c. transport the patient immediately
d. splint each injury individually




Answer: D

Your 52 year old male patient stepped off the curb into the street when a large truck cut the corner too close and ran him over. He has numerous fractures and is in a lot of pain. After splinting and treating the patient for shock, you decide en route to the ED to apply cold, too. Applying cold packs to fractures:

Your 52 year old male patient stepped off the curb into the street when a large truck cut the corner too close and ran him over. He has numerous fractures and is in a lot of pain. After splinting and treating the patient for shock, you decide en route to the ED to apply cold, too. Applying cold packs to fractures:




a. helps to reduce swelling
b. stops bleeding from the bone
c. eliminates the need for a pressure bandage
d. stops all the pain and discomfort





Answer: A

Your 52 year old male patient stepped off the curb into the street when a large truck cut the corner too close and ran him over. He has numerous fractures and is in a lot of pain. Multiple fractures, especially of the ___ can cause life-threatening external and internal bleeding.

Your 52 year old male patient stepped off the curb into the street when a large truck cut the corner too close and ran him over. He has numerous fractures and is in a lot of pain. Multiple fractures, especially of the ___ can cause life-threatening external and internal bleeding.



a. radius
b. ulna
c. femur
d. tibia





Answer: C

You are treating a 22 year old male who you suspect has sustained a fracture to his right forearm. The treatment of a possible fracture includes the steps below:

You are treating a 22 year old male who you suspect has sustained a fracture to his right forearm. The treatment of a possible fracture includes the steps below:




1. take standard precautions
2. elevate the extremity
3. splint the injury
4. apply a cold pack


What is the correct order of the steps?


a. 2,3,4,1
b. 1,3,2,4
c. 3,2,4,1
d. 1,4,2,3





Answer: B

Which procedure is done at least twice whenever a splint is applied?

Which procedure is done at least twice whenever a splint is applied?




a. elevation of the injured extremity
b. manual stabilization of the injured extremity
c. assessment for circulation, sensation and motor function distal to the injury
d. application of gentle manual traction



Answer: C

Your 19 year old female patient was snowboarding when she injured her right shoulder. It appears to be out of the socket and in an unusual position. When a joint is locked in the position like this, the EMT should:

Your 19 year old female patient was snowboarding when she injured her right shoulder. It appears to be out of the socket and in an unusual position. When a joint is locked in the position like this, the EMT should:




a. Splint the joint in the position found
b. Pull traction and straighten the joint
c. Use a long backboard as a full body splint
d. Disregard splinting and transport immediately




Answer: A

Your 19 year old male patient fell while playing basketball. You suspect that he broke his right tibia. Proper splinting of a closed fracture is:

Your 19 year old male patient fell while playing basketball. You suspect that he broke his right tibia. Proper splinting of a closed fracture is:



a. Done with an air splint and gentle traction
b. Done with the pneumatic antishock garment
c. Designed to prevent closed injuries from becoming open ones
d. Completed in the hospital by a surgeon





Answer: C

Just as you load a 50 year old female who experienced blotchy skin, redness in her arm, weakness, and nausea while cleaning out the crawl space below the house into the ambulance, her daughter calls you back to the porch. Apparently a snake has crawled out into the sunshine, and you suspect that the patient has been bitten by that snake. You should do all of the following except:

Just as you load a 50 year old female who experienced blotchy skin, redness in her arm, weakness, and nausea while cleaning out the crawl space below the house into the ambulance, her daughter calls you back to the porch. Apparently a snake has crawled out into the sunshine, and you suspect that the patient has been bitten by that snake. You should do all of the following except:




a. call for medical direction
b. clean the injection site with soap and water
c. remove rings, bracelets, or other constricting items on the bitten limb
d. capture the live snake and bring it in the ambulance to the emergency department





Answer: D

You suspect that a 50 year old female experienced blotchy skin, redness in her arm, weakness, and nausea while cleaning out the crawl space below the house. You suspect she may have sustained an injected poison. The signs and symptoms include all of the following except:

You suspect that a 50 year old female experienced blotchy skin, redness in her arm, weakness, and nausea while cleaning out the crawl space below the house. You suspect she may have sustained an injected poison. The signs and symptoms include all of the following except:





a. lack of sensation in one side of the body
b. puncture marks
c. muscle cramps, chest tightening, and joint pain
d. excessive saliva formation and profuse sweating




Answer: A

While cleaning out the crawl space below the house, a 50 year old female experiences blotchy skin, redness in her arm, weakness, and nausea. Her daughter has called the ambulance. After getting the history and doing an assessment, you believe it is possible that she:

While cleaning out the crawl space below the house, a 50 year old female experiences blotchy skin, redness in her arm, weakness, and nausea. Her daughter has called the ambulance. After getting the history and doing an assessment, you believe it is possible that she:





a. is developing heat stroke
b. was bitten by a poisonous spider
c. is having an diabetic reaction
d. is allergic to something in the air




Answer: B

The risk of decompression sickness is increased by:

The risk of decompression sickness is increased by:





a. air travel within 12 hours of a dive
b. breathing 100 percent oxygen immediately after the dive
c. drinking fluids before and after the dive
d. none of these




Answer: A

You were called to a backyard swimming pool for a patient who was seen diving into the shallow end of the pool. There is a cut on his forehead and blood in the pool, and he is floating face up in the pool. If you suspect that this patient has a possible spine injury, you should:

You were called to a backyard swimming pool for a patient who was seen diving into the shallow end of the pool. There is a cut on his forehead and blood in the pool, and he is floating face up in the pool. If you suspect that this patient has a possible spine injury, you should:



a. spineboard the patient and pull him from the water
b. immobilize and spineboard the patient while he is still in the water
c. quickly remove the patient from the water to prevent hypothermia
d. encourage the patient to swim to the side of the pool





Answer: B

You have been called to the river's edge, where a 19 year old female has been pinned again a rock and some debris. If you are not an experienced swimmer, you should:

You have been called to the river's edge, where a 19 year old female has been pinned again a rock and some debris. If you are not an experienced swimmer, you should:




a. never attempt to go into the water to do a rescue
b. don a floatation device prior to going into the water
c. use a boat as your first approach to conduct the rescue
d. coach the patient in floating techniques






Answer: A

When you are responding to a water related emergency, the EMT should suspect each of the following situations in addition to a drowning except:

When you are responding to a water related emergency, the EMT should suspect each of the following situations in addition to a drowning except:





a. substance abuse may have contributed to the incident
b. the patient may have sustained an internal injury
c. profuse perspiration is the likely cause
d. the patient may have struck his or her head or neck





Answer: C

You are treating a patient who has local deep frostbite injuries to his fingers. You have contacted medical control and received permission to provide active rewarming of the frozen part(s). This procedure:

You are treating a patient who has local deep frostbite injuries to his fingers. You have contacted medical control and received permission to provide active rewarming of the frozen part(s). This procedure:




a. is seldom recommended in the field
b. includes using very hot water
c. is performed without removing the patient's clothing
d. includes covering the patient's face





Answer: A

Do not allow the frostbite patient to smoke or drink alcohol because:

Do not allow the frostbite patient to smoke or drink alcohol because:




a. the patient may suffer altered mental status or fall asleep
b. these substances stimulate the patient to move, which could cause further injury
c. constriction of blood vessels and decreased circulation to the injured tissues may result
d. either could contaminate the frost bitten area






Answer: C

If the muscles, bones, deep blood vessels, and organ membranes became frozen in your 45 year old female patient that fell on an outstretched arm and sustained a fractured right radius and ulna. This type of injury would be referred to as:

If the muscles, bones, deep blood vessels, and organ membranes became frozen in your 45 year old female patient that fell on an outstretched arm and sustained a fractured right radius and ulna. This type of injury would be referred to as:





a. a superficial local cold injury
b. frostnip
c. a deep local cold injury
d. local cooling





Answer: C

Your 45 year old female patient fell on an outstretched arm and sustained a fractured right radius and ulna. While waiting for help to arrive, the extremity was exposed and you suspect there is also a local superficial cold injury. You should:

Your 45 year old female patient fell on an outstretched arm and sustained a fractured right radius and ulna. While waiting for help to arrive, the extremity was exposed and you suspect there is also a local superficial cold injury. You should:




a. splint and leave uncovered
b. rub the extremity briskly
c. not re-expose the injury to cold
d. immerse the extremity in hot water





Answer: C

You are treating a patient who was found by her mailbox in the snow. She may have slipped and fell on the ice, and struck her head because she is unconscious and very cold to the touch. Once in the ambulance, you check her core body temperature and it is below 80F. Because patients with extreme hypothermia may not reach biological death for over 30 minutes, the medical philosophy is:

You are treating a patient who was found by her mailbox in the snow. She may have slipped and fell on the ice, and struck her head because she is unconscious and very cold to the touch. Once in the ambulance, you check her core body temperature and it is below 80F. Because patients with extreme hypothermia may not reach biological death for over 30 minutes, the medical philosophy is:




a. if there is a pulse, start CPR
b. they are not dead until they're warm and dead
c. resuscitate for no longer than 30 minutes
d. always resuscitate very aggressively






Answer: B

When treating the unresponsive hypothermia patient who is not responding appropriately:

When treating the unresponsive hypothermia patient who is not responding appropriately:





a. keep the patient's head raised above the feet for transport to the hospital
b. place the patient in a bath of warm water for at least 20 minutes
c. providing high-concentration oxygen that has been passed through a warm humidifier
d. massage the extremities for 35 to 45 seconds





Answer: C

After checking the core body temperature of a 22 year old male patient who did not plan well and got caught outdoors in a cold rain for hours. He is alert and responding, but he is very cold and you determine he is in mild hypothermia. When transporting this patient, it is recommended that you:

After checking the core body temperature of a 22 year old male patient who did not plan well and got caught outdoors in a cold rain for hours. He is alert and responding, but he is very cold and you determine he is in mild hypothermia. When transporting this patient, it is recommended that you:





a. transport in a Fowler position
b. massage his legs so he can walk to the ambulance
c. keep him at rest and avoid unnecessary exercise
d. leave his wet clothes in place to expedite transport




Answer: C

Once the decision is made to rewarm a hypothermic patient, central rewarming should be used. The reason why you should rewarm the body's core first is to:

Once the decision is made to rewarm a hypothermic patient, central rewarming should be used. The reason why you should rewarm the body's core first is to:



a. prevent blood from collecting in the extremities due to vasodilation
b. quickly circulate cold blood throughout the body
c. speed up the blood flow to the extremities
d. increase blood flow to the brain to prevent unconsciousness





Answer: A

You are assessing a 22 year old male patient who did not plan well and got caught outdoors in a cold rain for hours. He is alert and responding, but he is very cold and you suspect he may be hypothermic. His treatment may include all of the following except

You are assessing a 22 year old male patient who did not plan well and got caught outdoors in a cold rain for hours. He is alert and responding, but he is very cold and you suspect he may be hypothermic. His treatment may include all of the following except




a. removal of all the patient's wet clothes
b. actively rewarming the patient during transport
c. rapidly giving the patient plenty of hot liquids
d. providing care for shock and providing oxygen




Answer: C

You are treating a 65 year old male who stepped out of his house in his pajamas on a winter morning to grab the newspaper but ended up locking himself out of the house. He wandered around the neighborhood for 20 minutes, until he found a neighbor who would let him in and call 911 for help. Your protocol calls for passive rewarming of this patient. This procedure involves:

You are treating a 65 year old male who stepped out of his house in his pajamas on a winter morning to grab the newspaper but ended up locking himself out of the house. He wandered around the neighborhood for 20 minutes, until he found a neighbor who would let him in and call 911 for help. Your protocol calls for passive rewarming of this patient. This procedure involves:




a. applying heat packs to the patient
b. covering the patient
c. administering heated oxygen to the patient
d. massaging the patient's limbs




Answer: B

You are treating a 68 year old female who was found wandering around intoxicated on a cold evening. She did not have a coat on, and you determine her body temperature is below 90F. With a core body temperature in this range, she:

You are treating a 68 year old female who was found wandering around intoxicated on a cold evening. She did not have a coat on, and you determine her body temperature is below 90F. With a core body temperature in this range, she:





a. may be shivering uncontrollably
b. may no longer be shivering
c. will be pulseless
d. will suddenly become alert




Answer: B

You are treating a 58 year old male patient with an open right tibia fracture. He was found lying on his cold garage floor by his son, who states "he must have been lying there all night." You should also consider:

You are treating a 58 year old male patient with an open right tibia fracture. He was found lying on his cold garage floor by his son, who states "he must have been lying there all night." You should also consider:



a. stroke
b. hypothermia
c. pulmonary edema
d. hyperperfusion







Answer: B

In some EMS systems, the EMT's are asked to assign a number to the severity of the trauma patient utilizing the trauma score. The scoring system for trauma patients also helps to:

In some EMS systems, the EMT's are asked to assign a number to the severity of the trauma patient utilizing the trauma score. The scoring system for trauma patients also helps to:






a. Allow the trauma centers to evaluate themselves
b. Determine which steps in the primary survey come first
c. Determine if a patient should go to a trauma center
d. A and C





Answer: A

An example of a patient who requires triage to a higher level of care would be the :

An example of a patient who requires triage to a higher level of care would be the :




a. Child with a headache after being struck by a golf ball
b. Geriatric patient who fell and is on anticoagulant medications
c. Adolescent with a femur fracture from playing basketball
d. Middle-aged man who may have fractured his forearm





Answer: B

Your 35 year old female patient was changing her tire on a major highway when another vehicle ran into her and her vehicle. She has two fractured femurs, a crushed pelvis, and a possibly abdominal injury. You are treating her and have decided it is appropriate to minimize your scene care in accordance with your established protocols. You will most likely perform any of all of the following skills except:

Your 35 year old female patient was changing her tire on a major highway when another vehicle ran into her and her vehicle. She has two fractured femurs, a crushed pelvis, and a possibly abdominal injury. You are treating her and have decided it is appropriate to minimize your scene care in accordance with your established protocols. You will most likely perform any of all of the following skills except:



a. Suction the airway
b. Ventilate with a BVM
c. Bandage all of the lacerations
d. Immobilize the cervical spine





Answer: C

Your 35 year old female patient was changing her tire on a major highway when another vehicle ran into her and her vehicle. She has two fractured femurs, a crushed pelvis, and possibly a abdominal injury. You should:

Your 35 year old female patient was changing her tire on a major highway when another vehicle ran into her and her vehicle. She has two fractured femurs, a crushed pelvis, and possibly a abdominal injury. You should:




a. Not apply a traction splint
b. Consider the PASG if your protocols allow
c. Set up an ALS intercept en route to the hospital
d. Do all of these






Answer: D

Your 35 year old female patient has numerous fractures in her legs from being run over by a pickup truck that cut the street corner too tight. Sometimes a ____ can act as a full body splint when the critical patient must be immobilized quickly.

Your 35 year old female patient has numerous fractures in her legs from being run over by a pickup truck that cut the street corner too tight. Sometimes a ____ can act as a full body splint when the critical patient must be immobilized quickly.



a. Wheeled stretcher
b. Short KED
c. Warm blanket
d. Long backboard





Answer: D

You were called to the scene of a motor vehicle collision where two cars collided in an intersection and one vehicle pinned a pedestrian, a 22 year old male, against a telephone pole. The 22 year old male patient has a fractured right leg and a suspected crushed pelvis. At what point will the male patient most likely be considered stable?

You were called to the scene of a motor vehicle collision where two cars collided in an intersection and one vehicle pinned a pedestrian, a 22 year old male, against a telephone pole. The 22 year old male patient has a fractured right leg and a suspected crushed pelvis. At what point will the male patient most likely be considered stable?





a. At the emergency department
b. Once the splints have been provided
c. In the surgical suite
d. Once the ALS has been called





Answer: C

You were called to the scene of a motor vehicle collision where two cars collided in an intersection and one vehicle pinned a pedestrian, a 22 year old male, against a telephone pole. The driver of one of the vehicles is a 55 year old female who has an obvious angulated forearm, and is unresponsive and lying across the front seat of her vehicle. What is the highest priority for her?

You were called to the scene of a motor vehicle collision where two cars collided in an intersection and one vehicle pinned a pedestrian, a 22 year old male, against a telephone pole. The driver of one of the vehicles is a 55 year old female who has an obvious angulated forearm, and is unresponsive and lying across the front seat of her vehicle. What is the highest priority for her?



a. Splinting the arm
b. Immobilizing her neck
c. Managing her airway
d. Assessing distal pulses





Answer: C

You were called to the scene of a motor vehicle collision where two cars collided in an intersection and one vehicle pinned a pedestrian, a 22 year old male, against a telephone pole. The 22 year old male patient has a fractured right leg and a suspected crushed pelvis. This would be called a _____ patient.

You were called to the scene of a motor vehicle collision where two cars collided in an intersection and one vehicle pinned a pedestrian, a 22 year old male, against a telephone pole. The 22 year old male patient has a fractured right leg and a suspected crushed pelvis. This would be called a _____ patient.




a. Lower extremity
b. Multiple-trauma
c. Shock
d. Stable





Answer: B

Which of the following is an example of a difference in the reaction of a patient experiencing an anaphylactic reaction compared to a patent experiencing a simple allergic reaction?

Which of the following is an example of a difference in the reaction of a patient experiencing an anaphylactic reaction compared to a patent experiencing a simple allergic reaction?




A. the allergic reaction has generalized hives
B. the allergic reaction has localized swelling
C. the anaphylactic reaction includes bradycardia and mild anxiety
D. the anaphylactic reaction includes sneezing and coughing




Answer: B

You are on a call involving a severe allergic reaction in a child patient. Which statement is true related to anaphylactic reactions.

You are on a call involving a severe allergic reaction in a child patient. Which statement is true related to anaphylactic reactions.






A. infants frequently experience anaphylactic reactions
B. children outgrow allergies as they mature
C. anaphylactic reactions are common in younger children
D. parents seldom can provide useful information about the child's medical history






Answer: B

Your patient is a preschooler who has a history pf peanut allergies. he has an epinephrine auto-injector that is held by the school nurse. These devises come in two different sizes. The child size (for children weighing fewer than 66 pounds) contains:

Your patient is a preschooler who has a history pf peanut allergies. he has an epinephrine auto-injector that is held by the school nurse. These devises come in two different sizes. The child size (for children weighing fewer than 66 pounds) contains:




A. 0.05 ,g
B. 0.15 mg
C. 0.5 mg
D. 1.0 mg






Answer: B

You are treating an adult patient who you suspect is having a severe allergic reaction. he has an Epipen on him for situations like this. The recommended location for injection with the epinephrine auto-injector is the:

You are treating an adult patient who you suspect is having a severe allergic reaction. he has an Epipen on him for situations like this. The recommended location for injection with the epinephrine auto-injector is the:





A. center of the back
B. lateral mid-thigh
C. buttocks
D. biceps








Answer: B
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